Spatial conservation prioritisation is a cornerstone of modern conservation science, offering a systematic approach to identifying areas where actions can deliver the greatest benefits for biodiversity. Thus we can bring together ecological, social, and spatial data to guide decisions across land, freshwater, and marine systems. We use this approach to understand biodiversity patterns at multiple scales, from local landscapes to global regions, while considering how factors like ecological gradients, human pressures, and land-use history shape the places we’re trying to protect.